Gambling is a form of wagering money or material items on an event with an uncertain outcome. The event whose outcome is under question can be anything from the roll of a die or the spin of a roulette wheel to a horse race or card game. It is distinguished from other activities that involve the exchange of valuables, such as commerce, by the use of a chance element that reduces opportunities for strategy and planning.
Mainstream Christian belief has always viewed gambling as incompatible with the Bible’s teaching, and it has been strongly opposed by Tertullian, Hugh Latimer, John Wesley, C H Spurgeon, William Wilberforce, Thomas Aquinas, and others. It is a vice that appeals to greed, a sin against God (Colossians 3:5). Gambling exacerbates the need to satisfy one’s craving for possessions by placing them on an unrivaled pedestal, which is idolatry according to the Apostle Paul (Matthew 6:24).
It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of gambling problems so that you or someone you know can seek help. Problem gambling can be found among people of all ages and income levels, but is most often seen in older adults. A variety of risk factors contribute to gambling problems in older adults, including frequency of participation, the intensity of engagement, and the extent to which it interferes with daily functioning. The most serious problem gamblers are those who engage in risky behavior that has the potential to cause significant harm. This includes the use of illegal methods to finance gambling, lying to family members or therapists about the extent of involvement with gambling, and engaging in loss chasing or using other substances to conceal an addiction to gambling.
Some research suggests that a common factor in gambling problems is the need to avoid boredom or stress. Gambling provides an escape from these feelings, but the relief is temporary and it does not address the underlying issues. Some research also suggests that gambling problems are linked to a variety of cognitive distortions that affect perceptions of odds. These include the illusion of control, a tendency to expect an early big win, the use of escape coping, impulsivity, and a lack of understanding of random events.
The scientific community is beginning to understand the health implications of gambling. However, there is still much work to be done. To advance the field, researchers need to better define what constitutes a problem, develop screening tools, and provide effective treatment strategies. Several organizations are involved in this effort, including the American Psychiatric Association.